Essay --

From Faulkner’s description, the story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, takes place after American Civil War in a period that the southern aristocrats are declining but many still stick to their old traditional ways of living. Also, the story shows that there are still many unresolved conflicts between the North and South. In my opinion, the setting of this story, including the time, the place and the culture is the necessary factor for the development of this tragedy. In southern society, the father is always the center of a family and has the final word. The story depicts a vivid picture about Emily and her Father, â€Å"Miss Emily, a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door†.(716) Her father represents the thought of patriarchy in this story; he controls Emily’s life; moreover, he imprisons her, in a figurative sense. I can image that he uses his horsewhip to drive away every young man who shows love to Emily. This is the reason that â€Å"none of the yo... Essay -- From Faulkner’s description, the story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, takes place after American Civil War in a period that the southern aristocrats are declining but many still stick to their old traditional ways of living. Also, the story shows that there are still many unresolved conflicts between the North and South. In my opinion, the setting of this story, including the time, the place and the culture is the necessary factor for the development of this tragedy. In southern society, the father is always the center of a family and has the final word. The story depicts a vivid picture about Emily and her Father, â€Å"Miss Emily, a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door†.(716) Her father represents the thought of patriarchy in this story; he controls Emily’s life; moreover, he imprisons her, in a figurative sense. I can image that he uses his horsewhip to drive away every young man who shows love to Emily. This is the reason that â€Å"none of the yo...

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Essay

The author comes from Iran, with an ideological and religious fanatic government which owns and controls all of economical and industrial activities with an armed to teeth minority. In such countries they can produce and sell any low quality with any prices that they want, and actually customers have not many choices, and almost all of promotional techniques and strategies are meaningless! So here we are talking about free trade and free market countries like US. This paper review and scrutiny the circumstances surrounding the promotional and advertising Strategies for two automotive companies: TOYATA and HUNDAI. The author is very curious about those companies, because HUNDAI (1967) began car production almost 32 years after TOYOTA (1935)! But now, in all aspects both companies are equal in quality, branding, marketing, price and customer service, even HUNDAI is further! HMC (Hyundai Motor Company) was unknown brand with low quality and cheap price cars, but after it came in the US market converted its products to high quality and luxury quickly and stealing loyal customers away from many industry pioneers! But how was this late-moving car maker able to gain an advantage in this extremely competitive market? (Graf B, 2013) Introduction Definition of Advertising: The term â€Å"Advertising† first appeared in the 17th century. It has its root in the Latin word â€Å"advertere,† which means, â€Å"to make people notice or know. † It can be roughly explained as â€Å"to extensively notify the public. † According to the Dictionary of Chinese Etymology, the Chinese definition of advertising means, â€Å"openly announce to the public,† with the annotation of â€Å"such as putting up notices or publishing advertisements in newspapers. † (Yan Boqin, 1978) Definition of Marketing: â€Å"Marketing† is an economic term meaning promotion and distribution. Originally applied in agriculture, it drew more and more attention after the 19th century and spread rapidly. From economic, social, business and customers’ angles, the property of its definition can be determined (Li Zongru, 2004). For highlighting the brand in the eyes of public and attracting new customers, product promotion is one of the essentials. There are many channels to promote a product or service. Successful promotions strongly depends on believe and culture of people, style of living, income level, government policies and economical and industrial infrastructures. Some firms use multiple methods, while others may use different methods for various marketing purposes. Irrespective of the type of service or product, a strong group of promotional strategies can help position the company in a favorable light with not only current customers but new ones as well. The following are top ten promotional strategies: â€Å"1- Contests, 2-Social Media, 3-Mail Order Marketing 4-Product Giveaways, 5-Point-of-Sale Promotion and End-Cap Marketing, 6-Customer Referral Incentive Program, 7-Causes and Charity, 8-Branded Promotional Gifts, 9-Customer Appreciation Events, 10-After-Sale Customer Surveys† (Carl Hose. 2014; Small businesses; Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html) Comparing the promotional strategies used by Toyota and Hyundai for a similar product Today almost all of carmakers have a lot of experiences and they have access to modern and new technologies. So they can produce good quality and good design cars and also offer good services to customers, especially in US, there is no way to sell any products with low quality and low customer service. In result the best promotional strategies are those that involve culture, attitudes and beliefs of the people. The following are some examples of such strategies. Green Environment: Increasing public awareness about environmental protection, governments forced to implement hard regulation and criteria for automobile firms. Toyota published on its website: 1. Diversifying energy sources: â€Å"Toyota is developing various new technologies from the perspective of energy saving and diversifying energy sources. Environment has been first and most important issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world. † 2. Fuel Cell: â€Å"By generating electricity from hydrogen, Toyota’s fuel cell vehicles are not only environmentally friendly they’re also highly energy efficient. With such eco-friendly characteristics, Fuel Cell Vehicles are the next step toward achieving sustainable mobility. † 3. Plug-In Hybrid: â€Å"Introducing the next step for eco-friendly cars; a combination of the proven engineering of current hybrids with home recharging. It has an increased electric range and produces lower emissions. † 4. Measuring environmental issues surrounding vehicles: â€Å"For more improvements in efficiency, Toyota proactively manages power train efficiency, reduces vehicle load, and controls energy management by integration of fuel-saving technologies such as charge control, idling stop, etc. † 5. Various vehicles: â€Å"Along with our emphasis of conventional vehicles and hybrid vehicles as fundamental core technology while pursuing further advancement. † 6. Alternative fuels: â€Å"Based on these core technologies, Toyota will develop next-generation vehicles utilizing alternative fuels such as gas fuel, electricity and hydrogen. † (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://www. toyota-global. com/innovation/environmental _technology/) Hyundai published on its website: 1. Blue Drive: Our Blue Drive ® technology gives you lower pollution and higher performance. Blue Drive is a philosophy that guides Hyundai in its effort to become the automotive leader in sustainability. It’s helped focus our engineers and designers on creating lighter vehicles, developing more efficient power trains and even inventing proprietary hybrid technologies. 2. Plug-in and zero-emission: In the future, Blue Drive will expand to include plug-in hybrid vehicles, zero-emission electric vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles that run entirely on hydrogen. Their only emission is water. 3. Electric hybrid: Hyundai introduced the first electric hybrid with electrifying performance. Our engineers have invented the industry’s most advanced hybrid vehicle. 4. New battery: Unlike other hybrids on the market, ours uses a patented Lithium Polymer battery. It has 40% less volume; it’s 25% lighter and 10% more efficient. The battery also has a longer life-span-it comes with a lifetime warranty guarantee. So you can feel good about preserving the environment for the life of your vehicle. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from https://www. hyundaiusa. com/new-thinking/environment. aspx) Slogan: â€Å"An advertising slogan is usually a short tagline – less than five words — that tells potential customers the benefits they can expect when choosing your product or service, or establishes your company brand. † (Kristen Hamlin, 2014; Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/ importance-ad-slogans-31343. html) 1. Toyota’s ownership slogans: marketing efforts in North America have focused on emphasizing the positive experiences of ownership and vehicle quality. The ownership experience has been targeted in slogans such as â€Å"You asked for it! You got it! † (1975–1979); â€Å"Oh, what a feeling! † (1979 – September 1985, in the US); â€Å"Who could ask for anything more? † (September 1985 – 1989); â€Å"I love what you do for me, Toyota! † (1989–1997); â€Å"Everyday† (1997–2001); â€Å"Get the feeling! † (2001–2004); â€Å"Moving Forward† (2004–2012); and â€Å"Let’s Go Places† (2012–present). 2. Hyundai’s Brand slogan: â€Å"NEW THINKING. NEW POSSIBILITIES. †; reflects the will of Hyundai Motor Company to create new possibilities to benefit the world and its people by encouraging and developing new thinking. All members of Hyundai have the brand slogan deeply engraved in their hearts as they move forward in their effort to provide new values and experiences desired by today’s customers through innovative ways that are unique to the brand, driven by new thinking about customers and cars. ( Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http://worldwide . hyundai. com/WW/Corporate/Corporate Information/BrandSlogan/index. html) New Compact Vehicle Strategy: According to the Ford India President, compact car sales are expected to double by 2018 from around one million units in 2013. This surge in demand in expected to be fueled by rising disposable incomes in the second most populous country in the world, and also owing to the increasing demand for fuel-efficient smaller cars due to rising fuel prices. ( Trefis Team ,2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http://www. forbes.com/sites /greatspeculations/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car-sales-by-penetrating-the-compact-segment/) 1. Toyota: The automobile market in emerging markets is growing each year in tandem with the economic growth of each country. Within those markets, there has been marked growth in the sales of compact vehicles, so Toyota is promoting a new compact vehicle strategy that emphasizes the compact vehicle lineup and seeks to meet the needs of consumers in emerging markets. 2. Hyundai: The South Korean automaker ranked seventh among mass-market brands in the this year’s U. S. Initial Quality Study by J. D. Power and Associates, topping such brands as Toyota, Infiniti, Audi and Lincoln. Hyundai’s Accent compact and Elantra small car were named among the top three cars in their segments. (Hans Greimel, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://www. autonews. com/article /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand-strategy) Financial Services Strategy: Every year, millions of people around the world transition out of poverty in any number of ways—by adopting new farming technologies, investing in new business opportunities, or finding new jobs, for example. Effective tools for saving, sending, and borrowing money and mitigating financial risks can help people weather setbacks and achieve greater financial stability over the long term. (Retrieved December 4, 2014 from http://www. gatesfoundation. org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor) 1. Toyota: Toyota Financial Services has constructed a global network that covers approximately 90% of the markets in which Toyota sells its vehicles. Mainly concentrated on auto loans, leases and Toyota dealer floor plan requirements, TFS provides auto sales financing to approximately 5. 4 million customers. Thus effectively helping them in making their own cars more affordable to their potential consumers all around the world. Again being a strategy that helps them a stronger competitor in the market. 2. Hyundai: Through our service brands, Hyundai Motor Finance and Kia Motors Finance, we provide financial products tailored to meet the needs of Hyundai and Kia dealerships nationwide, including dealer inventory and facility financing. And, through these dealerships, we provide indirect vehicle financing and leasing solutions to over 1 million retail customers. Our subsidiary, Hyundai Protection Plan, Inc.offers vehicle service contracts and other vehicle protection products under the Hyundai Protection Plan and Power Protect brands. (Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://www. Hyundaicapital america. com/hca. aspx) Two uses for consumer-oriented promotions that could assist a company in both the short and long term for the carmaker companies What are consumer-oriented sales promotions? There are two points of view: 1- Retail Promotions consist of inducements offered by retailers to consumers includes retail coupons, price discounts, double coupons, special displays, features etc. 2- Consumer Promotions consist of inducements offered by manufacturers to consumers includes manufacturer’s premiums, bonus packs, coupons, samples, rebates, etc. There are some reasons for the importance of the sales promotion. First, the growth of retailer power in distribution channels has led to an excess in consumer promotions. Sometimes, manufacturers make special offers to consumers because a powerful retailer insisted that they do so. Another time, as a way of neutralizing retailer power by intensification the bonds of loyalty consumers may feel toward the brand. Either way, retailers frequently serve as the driving force behind consumer promotions. Second, the type of competition has converted significantly during recent years resulting in ever greater consumer price sensitivity. The growing of brands and brand extensions, intensity segmented consumer markets, and lower brand loyalty have combined to make consumers much more aware of price given that many product categories are populated by several competitors. Third, price deals have become the rule rather than the exception for many products. Rebates on certain brands of automobiles, department store sales, and coupons on many grocery items are only a few areas where consumers have grown to expect price breaks. Indeed, the expectation is more than, when possible, many consumers will wait for promotional offers rather than buy with no deal. Fourth, advertising clutter has forced marketers to find new ways of getting consumer attention. Product benefits alone frequently prove insufficient to prompt consumer action much less get their attention. Thus, marketers increasingly look to sales promotion to find ways of breaking through to customers who face a constant bombardment of promotional messages. Eventually increasing of consumer promotion can also be attributed to more pressure on marketing management for short-term results. Investors want to immediate bottom-line results rather than the long-term health or stability of the companies in which they invest. Sales promotions are tools to increase near term sales. However, as their use becomes more common, their costs become regular and recurring and therefore potentially self-defeating. (Retrieved December 5, 2014 from www. udayton. edu/†¦ /Consumer%2520Promotion. p) The strategic manner in which the leading car company has made its pricing decisions by using one or more of the four pricing objectives â€Å"The four Ps of marketing is the combination of product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. Marketers develop strategies around these four areas in marketing to enhance branding, sales, and profitability. â€Å" (Ross Gittell, 2014, Retrieved December 5, 2014 from http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02#). Price is the only revenue generating element amongst the 4ps, the rest being cost centers. Pricing objectives or goals give the company direction to the whole pricing process and consider the following: 1- Survival; 2- Get competitive advantage; 3- Financial, marketing, and strategic objectives of the company; 4- Enhance image of the firm, product or brand; 5- Hold price leadership; 6- Increase market share; 7- Consumer price point and elasticity; 8- Available resources; 9- Catch target of return of investment and sales; 10- Prevent new entrants; 11- Match competitors prices. Toyota gets credit for being the most known brand on the market; however the Corolla comes up nowhere in the competitor charts in terms of price, model distinction, or performance (TrueTrends, 2012). Providing a competitive advantage for the Corolla requires differentiating the car in pricing, quality, service, innovation, brand, convenience, and anywhere else that makes it more desirable over its competition (McCrimmon, 2008). How Toyota as a leading company can offer lowest prices? i. e. $89 a month for lease! The answer is: by maintaining its lowest costs. Along with differentiation Toyota also uses low cost to try and gain a competitive advantage in the automotive industry. â€Å"Toyota is (or was at the time) the low cost producer in the industry. Toyota achieves its cost leadership strategy by adopting lean production, careful choice and control of suppliers, efficient distribution, and low servicing costs from a quality product. †(Michael E. Porter, 2013) This quote from Michael Porter sums up how Toyota achieves this low cost strategy. Through research, it is evident that Toyota is still the low cost leader in the automotive industry. Societal trends have moved away from an individualistic culture—which identified social status and hierarchy based on material possessions—to an environmentally aware society (Grewal & Levy, 2012). With consumers’ minds wrapped around things like fuel mileage, cleaner emissions, and hybrid technology we find them moving further away from SUVs and trucks (Farooq, 2012). However, the 2013 Corolla is foreshadowed to be outshined by the Dodge Dart, as it loses some of its competitive edge in pricing and other award winning features (TrueTrends, 2012). By 2012 Toyota is planning to have more than 20 models that use batteries to extend fuel economy just like their Prius (Krolicki). Although they have not been as aggressive in the electric car market recently, like their competitors, they are planning to release a rechargeable version of their Prius by June 2012 (Krolicki). This re-chargeable version will position Toyota to attempt to take over as a low cost leader of hybrid technologies within the market, which supports Toyota’s overall strategy of low cost (Krolicki). Two actions that other car companies may take in order to differentiate themselves and gain a competitive advantage Hyundai rightly understood the consumer motivations to create magnetic products, price them strategically, position them sharply and keep making the magnetism more potent. Having understood the finer differences in consumer motivations, it opted for sharp arrow ‘reasons-to-buy’ differentiation over the ‘blanket-all approach’ taken by most of the other players. It is an aggressive marketer. It focuses on medium and low price products. Hyundai has also started premium products range to capture the growing market. (Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007; Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. hyundai. com) The segments are based on type of customer like age group, attitude, end use of product, demographic behavior and purchasing power, status of the people of the region. Each competitor has its own strong point and value and position there product so as to attract maximum number of customers. (Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing Management) Hyundai brand continues to dominate the market for premium cars, despite increasing competition. The firm should first consider the competitors price. If the company i. e. Hyundai contains features not offered by the nearest competitor, it should evaluate their worth to the customer and that value to the competitor price. Competitors are more likely to react when there is high competition. In case of Hyundai, many products are there such as Sonata, Santro, Hyundai i10, Accent etc. Hyundai continues to provide stiff competition to Honda in all the segments and poses an even bigger threat to expansion plans of Hyundai. (Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007; Retrieved December 9, 2014 from www. honda. com) Two examples of the most effective advertising medium for a Car company The TV advertising have been having the largest audiences in all ages, but car buyers are specific ages who have not enough time to watching TV even less than one hour per day, because they are too busy in today competitive era. Instead the internet via smart phones and computers is like a ghost became as a inseparable part of their life, at any time more than 15 hours a day, and even when they are eating, showering, walking, sporting, biking, swimming, and in any place even in high mountains and deep forests, roads and villages! Another reason for effectiveness of internet rather than TV is: new intelligence algorithms via data mining analyze the behavior of customers and put proper Ads to the web pages related to the target customers with very lower advertising costs. As a most important subject which advertisers should also pay attention to it is cultural differences, they have to be careful since cultures vary in different countries, they must understand the local audience culture before releasing new commercials, in order to avoid any misunderstanding. Another internet related way for advertising can be the online promotional games, such as Toyota’s use of MSN commercial games to promote its products, for instance. There are two interactive contents focusing on entertainment: fun activities and downloads. Both of them were found in about one third of the 100 web sites, respectively. Fun activities were also utilized to promote the brand in the sites and they are not related to scores or performance. Activities for fun included virtual test drive (www. gmc. com), virtual plant tour (www. cocacola . com), virtual auto show (www. lexus. com), e-cards (www. saturn. com), a coloring sheet (www. wendys. com), a virtual skin beauty analysis (www. neutrogena. com), and so forth. Downloads promoting and affiliated with the company’s brand were also analyzed. Desktop images such as wallpaper and icons were the most offered downloads, followed by music (Seounmi Youn, 2001, Retrieved December 9, 2014 from http://list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464&B=†¦ _&T=text%2Fplain;%20charset=us-ascii) For the carmakers, another impressive promotion method is â€Å"complete test ride†. The buyers are very keen to getting experience to drive with a brand new car and having the opportunity to really feel its advantages and disadvantages. For encouraging the customers to more participating in test drive activities, offering some gifts can always increase the interest and willingness of then. Getting the best result always does not correspond with the cost of the advertising. So carmakers should choose their advertising media in accordance with today era. However as always, inviting stars to speak for different models with different appeals will have so effectiveness to increasing the public awareness. Conclusion Some observers suspect that Hyundai’s recent successes may be anomalies, abetted by the difficulties that the company’s U. S. and Japanese competitors faced after the global economic crisis, the rise in the yen’s value, Toyota’s wave of recalls, and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan and Fukushima nuclear disaster. Others say that the company’s highly protected home market has enabled its growth, allowing Hyundai to establish a global presence while its domestic competitors restrict themselves to tiny slivers of the Korean market. But the single factor that has made the most difference is the company’s own interest in building world-class capabilities. Starting in 1998, Hyundai’s leaders set out to develop the kind of prowess the company would need to become a global automobile powerhouse, able to hold its own in the United States and other fiercely competitive markets. Early on, that meant offering a comprehensive warranty and taking specific steps to dramatically improve its quality ratings. Once customers were convinced of the brand’s reliability, Hyundai added other capabilities, such as design, which led to a more diversified product line and more stylish features. Meanwhile, it developed a knack for getting the word out through clever, consistent marketing. The result is a coherent mix of quality improvement, design, and marketing that gives Hyundai a clear advantage over its industry competitors. Although these are required capabilities at all automakers, Hyundai has excelled at combining them over the past decade, and its sales numbers reflect this success. The company’s effort to become a world-class automaker is beginning to pay off, and it’s far enough along that its story can be credibly told. (Source: Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http://www. strategy-business.com/article/00162? pg=all). References Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007; www. honda. com Anshuman goyal, pricing strategy of Hyundai, 2007; www. hyundai. com Carl Hose. 2014; Small businesses; http://smallbusiness. chron. com/top-ten-promotional-strategies-10193. html Hans Greimel, 2011. http://www. autonews. com/article /20101206/RETAIL03/ 312069982/hyundai-plans-new-brand-strategy Kottler, Keller, Jha, Koshy, 2007, Marketing Management Kristen Hamlin, 2014; http://smallbusiness. chron. com/ importance-ad-slogans-31343. html http://www. gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Financial-Services-for-the-Poor Ross Gittell, 2014, http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/3157? e=gittell_1. 0-ch06_s02# Trefis Team, 2014. http://www. forbes. com/sites /greatspeculations/2014/06/13/tata-motors-looks-to-improve-passenger-car-sales-by-penetrating-the-compact-segment/ Seounmi Youn, 2001, http://list. msu. edu/cgi-bin/wa? A3=ind0209c&L=AEJMC&E =0&P=3326464&B=†¦ _&T=text%2Fplain;%20charset=us-ascii Strategy & Business. February 26, 2013. http://www. strategy-business. com/article/00162? pg=all.

Fast Food Advertising Causing Obesity - 1916 Words

Fast Food Advertising Causing Obesity â€Å"I think America s food culture is embedded in fast-food culture. And the real question that we have is: How are we going to teach slow-food values in a fast-food world? Of course, it s very, very difficult to do, especially when children have grown up eating fast food and the values that go with that†(Waters). The fast food industry is controlled by many powerful companies who feel the need to keep costs low. This is because they believe that the lower the costs, the more consumers they’ll gain, which keeps profits high. Between 1960 and 1973, McDonald’s restaurants expanded from 250 to 3,000. The US is the most notorious for fast food, which is tied up with the first automobile before WWI. The†¦show more content†¦Fast food is also of, relating to, or specializing in food that can be prepared and served quickly. The United States has the largest fast food industries in the world, and also there are many fast food restaurants in over 100 countries all over the world. Fast food is a major health issue because it causes obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. Fast food is a major health issue because it causes obesity. In the article, â€Å"Obesity and Fast Food†, Dr. Anaya Mandel claims, â€Å"It is well known that eating out may lead to excess calorie intake and increases the risk of obesity because of large portion sizes and increased energy density of foods†(1). This author is stating that restaurants such as McDonald’s can cause obesity. Thus, eating at any fast food restaurant can increase chances of obesity. Meals at these restaurants are cheap, therefore people in a rush or people who regularly consume fast foods will end up buying the cheaper and greasier meals. The â€Å"dollar menu† on many fast food restaurant drive in menus may seem like a â€Å"better buy† to customers, but, the cookies, sweets, and sandwiches are all what creates the fats in their bodies. It will eventually increase the calories in their body and cause them to gain weight and develop obesity. American psychological associa tion article states, in America, the rates of obesity have about tripled in children and youths(1). Younger people in America have started gaining weight

The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The fact that the white cranes arranged themselves in twos made them appear as if certain rhythm inspired the arrangement. Any viewer looking at the painting would definitely be moved. According to the historical context of the painting, it is true that people who watched the occurrence of the real event regarded it highly. This makes it evident that the painting depicts the artist’s use of spirit resonance and rhythm1. Bone Method: Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk The Bone Method as an art principle denoted the brush strokes used by an artist, which were closely associated with his handwriting and calligraphy. Xie highlighted that the use of calligraphy in art was of significant importance because it reflected unique aspects about the artist. Judging from the use of calligraphy in a piece of art, it would be possible to define the specific handwriting of the artists. Emperor Huizong is one of the artists who placed emphasis on the use of calligraphy in his works. In one of his famous paintings titled Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk, he depicted the use of this principle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Notably, the painting was done in the early 12th century and was 37 Ãâ€" 147 cm in size2. It was a hand scroll done with ink on silk. The painting is owned by the Japanese and Chinese special fund, curtsey of museum of fine arts Boston. Interestingly, Huizong was copying an ancient piece of work done by Zhang Xuan in the 8th century. Worth noting is the fact that copying older masterpieces were a common aspect of Chinese art. Huizong was famous for his use of calligraphy, which he emphasized in his academy. The piece of work was a tripartite composition, which comprised of three images, depicting court women performing tasks related to the making of silk. One of the three images, which depicted four court women arranged in a manner that depicted a lunar phase and actively indulged in stretching a white yawn of silk is a clear representation of Huizong’s use of calligraphy. In this image, the horizontal representation of the silk is the central focus. This was brought about by the use of brush strokes and is a representative of Huizong’s handwriting. His calligraphy in this image coupled with the use of colors in the dresses of the four women is a clear reflection of the bone method as an artistic principle described by Xie. Correspondence to the Object: Sketches of Birds and Insects Xie described an additional principles, which he termed correspondence to the object. Under this principle, he highlighted that the artist should make good use of lines and shapes in an effort to depict the shape and form of the subject.

Feminist Political Ideology Essays - 1243 Words

Throughout history, women have remained subordinate to men. Subjected to the patriarchal system that favored male perspectives, women struggled against having considerably less freedom, rights, and having the burdens society placed on them that had been so ingrained the culture. This is the standpoint the feminists took, and for almost 160 years they have been challenging the â€Å"unjust distribution of power in all human relations† starting with the struggle for equality between men and women, and linking that to â€Å"struggles for social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice†(Besel 530 and 531). Feminism, as a complex movement with many different branches, has and will continue to be incredibly influential in changing†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, agonistic feminism claims that the feminist movement is rooted in politics in a way that is bad; their main argument is that the â€Å"nature of politics as inherently conflictual, with battles over power and hegemony being the central tasks of democratic struggle† (McAfee), and that reform that the democratic theorists do suppresses new struggles (McAfee) There are so many other diverse schools of thought, all different, and all concerned with changing the world for the better. As feminist political philosophies attempt to change the system, there are certain issues that are considered â€Å"feminist† because understanding them helps one understand the system in which women are oppressed in (Warren 228). One example is of ecological feminism (or ecofeminism), which claims that there is a patriarchal domination of both women and nature, and that they are innately connected (Besel 531). There are several ways that ecofeminists claim that nature and women are connected. One is linguistic; claiming that the â€Å"language one uses mirrors ones view of oneself and ones world† (qtd. in Warren 229). Women are described in animal terms such a s catty, vixens, bitches, chicks; nature is referred to in feminized language, both of which reinforce the idea of the inferiority and exploitation of women, animals, and nature. â€Å"Mother Nature†¦ is raped, mastered, controlled, conquered, and mined†¦Fertile†¦ soil is tilled, andShow MoreRelatedFeminism : The Quality Of Life For Women1242 Words   |  5 PagesTruax October 1, 2014 Traditions of Feminism There is no one definite conclusion that makes up feminist ideals; it is rather a compilation of theories set to achieve a common goal, the enhancement of the quality of life for women. Since the first wave of feminist thought began back in 1835, there have been extensive changes in the opinions of individual feminists. 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Product Concept Validation Tests

Question: Discuss about the Product Concept Validation Tests. Answer: Introduction: This report will focus on product concept. Product concept in marketing refers to the operations of organization where the focus of the company is in offering quality, performance or innovative features to the consumers. Organizations that aim at developing new product usually applies product concept in its marketing strategies. Product concept also helps in receiving feedback from the consumers for the implementation of plan (Hanson 2012). The automobile industry is aiming in development of more hybrid cars that are eco friendly and sustainable. Ferrari released its new car model named Ferrari 599 at the Geneva Motor show with the adoption of product concept. The concept of product is be9ng allied by the automobile industries so that they are able to develop new products that is eco friendly in next five years. Ford motor company and McDonalds are the two production oriented companies that focuses on providing high quality and innovative products to its customers. Both the companies focus on their own internal efficiency and quality of the products. The strategies of the organization using product concept concentrates on the product development and not sales. The products are developed in such a way so that it is superior to the competitors so that it is able to achieve competitive advantage. The profit of the company is made by concentrating on selling its product (Homburg et al. 2015). References Hanson, J., 2012. Product Concept Validation Tests.Product Innovation Toolbox: A Field Guide to Consumer Understanding and Research, pp.317-324. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D. and Kuehnl, C., 2015. Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp.1-25.

Puritan Prophet Essay Example

Puritan Prophet Essay Peter Kaplon History 204 09/20/10 Book Review Puritan Prophet The book Anne Hutchinson: Puritan Prophet, by Timothy D. Hall, tells the story of a strong-willed woman whose faith and intellect brought her about to play a major role in early New England Puritan life. Hall tries to answer many questions surrounding Hutchinson throughout the book to try and bring clarity to a powerful historic event. The main question concerning Hall, in this book, is â€Å"what should we make of this remarkable woman and her tragic fate? † (Hall, 2). Hall plots the story of Anne Hutchinson in chronological order throughout the book, while using sources from not only historians of today, but also from firsthand accounts of people who lived during that time period. For example, Hall uses many references and quotes from John Winthrop’s Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and Libertines. In order to understand who Anne Hutchinson is, we have to understand where she came from. Timothy Hall does a great job of setting the scene for his readers during the first chapter of this book. Anne was born during the Protestant Reformation in England to Francis and Bridget Marbury. Francis was a charismatic preacher who believed in the Puritan way but was forced to conform to the English Church and their practices to avoid persecution. Anne’s mother and father would bring her up to be well educated not only in the Puritan beliefs of the bible, but also in midwifery and healing. Anne eventually would marry William Hutchinson who would turn out to be an understanding and loving man, despite the problems that would soon arise from his wife’s actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Puritan Prophet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Puritan Prophet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Puritan Prophet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Hutchinson’s began to assemble quite the Puritan family and would soon join many others Puritans in the trek to America in order to avoid religious persecution. Anne Hutchinson’s main reason for leaving was because she now lacked a teacher and guider for her Protestant views, which were essential in her and her family’s lives, when John Cotton left for the New England colonies. When the Hutchinson’s got to New England they established their home in the Massachusetts Bay area of Boston. Anne quickly became a member of the Boston church which was led by John Wilson and her aforementioned teacher John Cotton. Anne was almost not deemed a member of the church because of a disagreement during the sail over with Reverend Zachariah Symmes over his view on bible readings. This was just the beginning of the displeasure Anne had towards religious views in her new community. Hall explains that Anne would soon prove to be a great leader in her new home town and because of her skills in midwifery and healing, she became a valued member. She would stand in on many childbirths to help other families and before long would hold weekly meetings to discuss bible readings and interpret those readings. These meetings would soon be the downfall of Anne however, as the community began to argue more and more over the issues of â€Å"free-grace† and what it meant to be truly saved by God and gain assurance. Hall seems to separate, in a brilliant way, the people he calls â€Å"sanctificationists† and the â€Å"free-grace† believers throughout the book. The issues surrounding these two groups would change the Massachusetts Bay colonies forever, and eventually lead to the banishment of Anne Hutchinson, and her family, from the colony. The â€Å"sanctificationists† were a group that Hall described as a â€Å"party which based assurance on evidence drawn from a sincere convert’s life of faith. † (Hall, 63). People from this group included Governor John Winthrop, Deputy Thomas Dudley, and Reverends Thomas Shepard, Hugh Peter, John Wilson, and Thomas Weld. The â€Å"free-grace† supporters were described by Hall as a â€Å"party which rallied around John Cotton’s insistence on the â€Å"witness of the spirit† for assurance. † (Hall, 63). This group included members such as John Cotton, John Wheelwright, Sir Henry Vane, William Coddington, and Anne Hutchinson. Hall never really sides with either group as to which he thought was right, but does seem to argue points for both. The â€Å"sanctificationists† would eventually win the debate as to what views the colonist’s churches would be governed by, and Anne Hutchinson would eventually be banished from the community and forced to cut all ties with the church of Boston. This was not an easy win however, as Anne showed incredible wit and knowledge during her trial, but there were just too many people in the community who did not side with her. Although Hall never picks a side as to who he thought was right, he does seem to show sympathy towards Anne and the cruel fate she was dealt. In my mind Hall answers his question as to who Anne Hutchinson really was throughout the entire book. She was a loving, passionate woman, who stood up for what she believed in and in many ways, as Hall described her in his preface, she was â€Å"the first American woman – bold, independent, self confident, articulate, assertive of her rights in the face of those bent on denying them. † (Hall, ix) Works Cited 1. Hall, Timothy D.. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. , Longman, 2010. Print